Scientific Background    

 
1980-81, Food and Drug Administration, Summer Internship, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Advisor: Dr. S. Neisheim. Research focused on use of thin layer chromatography to quantitatively measure aflatoxins in food products.

• Colwell, CS (1981). The use of thin layer chromatography for measuring aflatoxins. Am. Chem. Soc. Middle Atlantic Regional Meeting.  Washington D.C.

1981-1985, Vanderbilt University, B.S. in Neuroscience, Advisor: Dr. T.L. Page. Research focused on the circadian system of the cockroach. In addition, field work with Dr. D. Sissom led to description of a new scorpion species Diplocentrus colwelli.

• Wills SA, Page TL, Colwell CS (1986) Circadian rhythms in the electroretinogram of the cockroach. J. Biol. Rhythms 1:25-39.
• Colwell CS, Page TL (1989) The electroretinogram of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 92:117-123.
• Colwell CS, Page TL (1990) Circadian rhythms in spontaneous neural activity recorded in vivo and in vitro from cockroach's central nervous system. J. Comp. Physiol., 166:643-649.

1985-1987, University of Oregon, Advisor: Dr. M. Menaker. Research focused on circadian system of mollusks and mammals.

• Colwell CS (1990) Interactive effects of serotonin and light on the circadian rhythm of neural activity recorded from the eye of Aplysia. J. Comp. Physiol. 167:841-845.

1987-1991, University of Virginia, Ph.D. in Biology, Advisor: Dr. M. Menaker.

Thesis research examined several aspects of photic regulation of the mammalian circadian system. Some projects carried out in the laboratory of R. Foster.

• Colwell CS, Ralph M, Menaker M (1990) Do NMDA receptors mediate the effects of light on circadian behavior in the golden hamster. Brain Res. 523: 117-120.
• Colwell CS, Foster R, Menaker M (1991) NMDA receptor antagonists block the effects of light on circadian behavior in the mouse. Brain Res. 554:105-110.
• Colwell CS, Max M, Hudson D, Menaker M (1991) Excitatory amino acid receptors may mediate the effects of light on the reproductive system of the golden hamster. Biol. of Reproduction 44:604-608.
• Colwell CS, Foster R (1992) Photic regulation of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mouse. J. Comp. Neurol., 324: 135-142.
• Colwell CS, Menaker M (1992) Non-NMDA as well as NMDA receptor antagonists prevent light-induced phase shifts of the circadian system of the hamster. J. Biol. Rhythms 7:125-136.
• Colwell CS, Kaufman CM, Menaker M, Ralph M (1993) Light-induced phase shifts and Fos expression in the hamster circadian system: the effects of anesthetics. J. Biol. Rhythms, 8:179-188.
• Colwell CS, Kaufman CM, Menaker M (1993) Photic induction of Fos in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus is inhibited by baclofen but not by diazepam or bicucullin. Neurosci. Lett., 163:177-181.
• Colwell CS, Kaufman CM, Menaker M (1993) Phase shifting mechanisms in the mammalian circadian system: new light on the carbachol paradox. J. Neurosci., 13: 1454-1459.
• Foster RG, Argamaso S, Coleman S, Colwell CS, Lederman A, Provencio I (1993) Photoreceptors regulating circadian behavior: a mouse model. J. Biol. Rhythms, 8:17-25.
• Colwell CS, Menaker M. (1995) Regulation of circadian rhythms by excitatory amino acids. In: Excitatory amino acids: Their Role in Neuroendocrine Function. DW Brann, VB Mahesh (eds), CRC Press, pp. 223-252.
• Colwell CS (1995) Regulation of Photic Input to Circadian Systems: a role for serotonin. In: Nervous systems and Behaviour. M Burrows, T. Matheson, PL Newland, H. Schuppe (eds), Thieme Medical Publishers, pp. 131.

1991-1992, University of Virginia, Postdoctoral Fellow, NSF Center for Biological Timing, Advisor: Dr. G.D. Block. Research focused on the photic regulation of the ocular circadian pacemaker in Aplysia.

• Colwell CS, Michel S, Block GD (1992) Evidence that potassium channels mediate the effects of serotonin on the ocular circadian pacemaker of Aplysia. J. Comp. Physiol., 171: 651-656.
• Colwell CS, Khalsa SBS, Block GD (1992) FMRFamide antagonizes the actions of 5-HT and light on a circadian rhythm recorded from the eye of Aplysia. J. Comp. Physiol. 170: 211-215.
• Colwell CS, Khalsa SBS, Block GD (1992) Cellular mechanisms of entrainment. Chronobiol. Intern. 9:163-179.
• Colwell CS, Whitmore D, Michel S, Block GD (1994) Calcium plays a central role in phase shifting the ocular pacemaker of Aplysia. J. Comp. Physiol., 175:415-423.

1992-1993, University of California - Los Angeles, Postdoctoral Fellow, Mental Retardation Research Center, Advisor: Dr. M.S. Levine. Research explored the modulation of glutamatergic input to the neostriatum.

• Colwell CS, Levine MS (1994) Metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate NMDA receptor function in neostriatal neurons. Neurosci., 61:497-507.
• Colwell CS, Levine MS (1995) Excitatory synaptic transmission in neostriatal neurons: regulation by cyclic AMP-dependent mechanisms. J. Neurosci., 15:1704-1713.

1993, Brooks AFB, Visiting Scientist, Circadian Neurobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Dr. M. Rea. Research examined serotonergic regulation of the mammalian circadian system.

• Rea MA, Glass JD, Colwell CS (1994) Serotonin modulates the photic response of the circadian oscillator in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus. J. Neurosci., 14:3635-3642.

1994-1996, University of California - Los Angeles, Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Mental Retardation Research Center. Research focused on the modulation of excitotoxicity in the neostriatum by metabotropic receptors.

• Colwell CS, Altemus KL, Levine MS (1996) Metabotropic glutamate receptor activation selectively limits excitotoxic damage in the intact neostriatum. Brain Res., 726: 223-226.
• Colwell CS, Levine MS (1996) Glutamate receptor-induced toxicity in neostriatal cells. Brain Res., 724: 205-212.
• Colwell CS, Altemus KL, Cepeda C, Levine MS (1996) Regulation of NMDA-induced toxicity in the neostriatum: a new role for metabotropic glutamate receptors? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93(3): 1200-1204.
• Colwell CS, Levine MS (1997) Histamine modulates NMDA-dependent swelling in the developing neostriatum. Brain Res. 766: 205-212.
• Cepeda C, Colwell CS, Levine MS (1998) Dopaminergic Modulation of Early Signs of Excitotoxicity in Visualized Rat Neostriatal Neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10/11: 3491-3497.
• Colwell CS, Cepeda C, Crawford C, Levine MS (1998) Postnatal Development of NMDA Evoked Responses in the Neostriatum. J. Dev. Neurobiol. 20: 154-163.
• Cepeda C, Colwell CS, Itri JN, Chandler SH, Levine MS (1998) Dopaminergic Modulation of NMDA-Induced Whole Cell Currents in Neostriatal Neurons in Slices: Contribution of Calcium Conductances. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 82-94.
• Levine MS, Cepeda C, Colwell CS, Yu Q, Chandler SH (1998) Infrared video microscopy: visualization and manipulation of neurons in neostriatal slices. In: Receptor Localization: Laboratory Methods and Procedures, MA Ariano (ed) John Wiley, New York.
• Colwell CS, Levine MS (1999) Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulation of excitotoxicity in the neostriatum: role of calcium channels. Brain Research 833(2) 234-241.

1997, University of Saarland, Germany, Visiting Scientist, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Dr. A. Konnerth. Research focused on optical techniques for the measurement of calcium in neurons.

1997-2002, University of California - Los Angeles, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences.

• Colwell CS (1997) Time To Get Excited By GABA. Nature, 387:554-555.
• Colwell CS. (1998) Circadian Rhythms. In: Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. CD/ROM. FE Bloom, DJ Kupfer, SJ Watson (eds), Lippincott-Raven.
• Flett J, Colwell CS (1999) Serotonin modulation of calcium transients in cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J. Biol. Rhythms, 14(5): 354-363.
• Colwell CS (2000) Circadian Modulation of Calcium Levels in Cells in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Eur. J. Neurosci., 12(2): 571-576.
• Colwell CS (2000) Rhythmic Coupling Among Cells in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. J. Neurobio, 43(4): 379-388.

• Michel, S, Colwell CS (2001) Cellular Communication and Coupling within the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.  Chronobiology International. 18(4): 579-600.

• Colwell CS (2001) NMDA-Evoked Currents and Calcium Transients in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: gating by the circadian system. Eur. J. Neurosci., 13(7): 1420-1428.

2002-2007, University of California - Los Angeles, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences.

• Michel S, Itri J, Colwell CS. Excitatory mechanisms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: the role of AMPA/KA glutamate receptors. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Aug;88(2):817-28. PMID: 12163533
• Chaudhury D, Colwell CS. Circadian modulation of learning and memory in fear-conditioned mice. Behav Brain Res. 2002 Jun 15;133(1):95-108. PMID: 12048177
• Colwell CS, Michel S, Itri J, Rodriguez W, Tam J, Lelievre V, Hu Z, Liu X, Waschek JA. Disrupted circadian rhythms in VIP- and PHI-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2003 Nov;285(5):R939-49. PMID: 12855416
• Itri J, Colwell CS. Regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurophysiol. 2003 Sep;90(3):1589-97. PMID: 12966176
• Colwell CS, Michel S. Sleep and circadian rhythms: do sleep centers talk back to the clock? Nat Neurosci. 2003 Oct;6(10):1005-6.
• Colwell CS, Michel S, Itri J, Rodriguez W, Tam J, Lelievre V, Hu Z, Waschek JA. Selective deficits in the circadian light response in mice lacking PACAP. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Nov;287(5):R1194-201. PMID: 15217792
• Itri J, Michel S, Waschek JA, Colwell CS. Circadian rhythm in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurophysiol. 2004 Jul;92(1):311-9. PMID: 14973316
• Wang LM, Suthana NA, Chaudhury D, Weaver DR, Colwell CS. Melatonin inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation. Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Nov;22(9):2231-7. PMID: 16262661
• Itri JN, Michel S, Vansteensel MJ, Meijer JH, Colwell CS. Fast delayed rectifier potassium current is required for circadian neural activity. Nat Neurosci. 2005 May;8(5):650-6. PMID: 15852012
• Chaudhury D, Wang LM, Colwell CS. Circadian regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation. J Biol Rhythms. 2005 Jun;20(3):225-36. PMID: 15851529
• Aton SJ, Colwell CS, Harmar AJ, Waschek J, Herzog ED. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mediates circadian rhythmicity and synchrony in mammalian clock neurons. Nat Neurosci. 2005 Apr;8(4):476-83. PMID: 15750589
• Jacobs EC, Pribyl TM, Feng JM, Kampf K, Spreur V, Campagnoni C, Colwell CS, Reyes SD, Martin M, Handley V, Hiltner TD, Readhead C, Jacobs RE, Messing A, Fisher RS, Campagnoni AT. Region-specific myelin pathology in mice lacking the golli products of the myelin basic protein gene. J Neurosci. 2005 Jul 27;25(30):7004-13. PMID: 16049176
• Colwell CS. Bridging the gap: coupling single-cell oscillators in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nat Neurosci. 2005 Jan;8(1):10-2.
• Kim YI, Choi HJ, Colwell CS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic currents in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Nov 15;84(7):1512-20. PMID: 16983663
• Michel S, Clark JP, Ding JM, Colwell CS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin receptors modulate glutamate-induced phase shifts of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Aug;24(4):1109-16. PMID: 16930436
• Colwell CS. BK channels and circadian output. Nat Neurosci. 2006 Aug;9(8):985-6.
• Feng JM, Hu YK, Xie LH, Colwell CS, Shao XM, Sun XP, Chen B, Tang H, Campagnoni AT. Golli protein negatively regulates store depletion-induced calcium influx in T cells. Immunity. 2006 Jun;24(6):717-27. PMID: 16782028
• Michel S, Itri J, Han JH, Gniotczynski K, Colwell CS. Regulation of glutamatergic signalling by PACAP in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. BMC Neurosci. 2006 Feb 16;7:15. PMID: 16483357
• Brown TM, Colwell CS, Waschek JA, Piggins HD. Disrupted neuronal activity rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-deficient mice. J Neurophysiol. 2007 Mar;97(3):2553-8. PMID: 17151217
• Vosko AM, Schroeder A, Loh DH, Colwell CS. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and the mammalian circadian system. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2007 Jun-Jul;152(2-3):165-75. PMID: 17572414
• Colwell CS. Soporific signaling: how flies sleep through the night. Nat Neurosci. 2007 Sep;10(9):1079-80.

2008-present, University of California - Los Angeles, Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences.

• Paez PM, Fulton D, Colwell CS, Campagnoni AT. Voltage-operated Ca(2+) and Na(+) channels in the oligodendrocyte lineage. J Neurosci Res. 2008 Nov 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19021296.
• Chaudhury D, Loh DH, Dragich JM, Hagopian A, Colwell CS. Select cognitive deficits in Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide deficient mice. BMC Neurosci. 2008 Jul 10;9(1):63. PMID: 18616823.
• Loh DH, Abad C, Colwell CS, Waschek JA. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Is Critical for Circadian Regulation of Glucocorticoids. Neuroendocrinology. 2008 Jun 19. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 18562786
• Choi HJ, Lee CJ, Schroeder A, Kim YS, Jung SH, Kim JS, Kim do Y, Son EJ, Han HC, Hong SK, Colwell CS, Kim YI. Excitatory actions of GABA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurosci. 2008 May 21;28(21):5450-9. PMID: 18495878
• Wang LM, Schroeder A, Loh D, Smith D, Lin K, Han JH, Michel S, Hummer DL, Ehlen JC, Albers HE, Colwell CS. Role for the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in mediating light input to the circadian system. Eur J Neurosci. 2008 Apr;27(7):1771-9. PMID: 18380671
• Wang LM, Dragich JM, Kudo T, Odom IH, Welsh DK, O'Dell TJ, Colwell CS. Expression of the circadian clock gene Period2 in the hippocampus: possible implications for synaptic plasticity and learned behaviour. ASN Neuro. 2009 Jun 10;1(3). PMID: 19570032.
• Paez PM, Fulton DJ, Spreuer V, Handley V, Campagnoni CW, Macklin WB, Colwell C, Campagnoni AT. Golli myelin basic proteins regulate oligodendroglial progenitor cell migration through voltage-gated Ca2+ influx. J Neurosci. 2009 May 20;29(20):6663-76. PMID: 19458236.
• Ciarleglio CM, Gamble KL, Axley JC, Strauss BR, Cohen JY, Colwell CS, McMahon DG. Population encoding by circadian clock neurons organizes circadian behavior. J Neurosci. 2009 Feb 11;29(6):1670-6. PMID: 19211874.
• Schroeder A, Loh DH, Jordan MC, Roos KP, Colwell CS. Circadian Regulation of Cardiovascular Function: a role for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. Epub 2010 Oct 15. 2010 PMID: 20952671.
• Loh DH, Navarro J, Hagopian A, Wang LM, Deboer T, Colwell CS. Rapid changes in the light/dark cycle disrupt memory of conditioned fear in mice. PLoS One 2010 Sep 2;5(9). pii: e12546. PMID: 20824058.
• Fulton D, Paez PM, Fisher R, Handley V, Colwell CS, Campagnoni AT.Regulation of L-type Ca++ currents and process morphology in white matter oligodendrocyte precursor cells by golli-myelin proteins. Glia 2010 Aug 15;58(11):1292-303. PMID: 20607717.
• Colwell CS. Preventing dehydration during sleep. Nat Neurosci. 2010 Apr;13(4):403-4. PMID: 20348935.
• Dragich JM, Loh DH, Wang LM, Vosko AM, Kudo T, Nakamura TJ, Odom IH, Tateyama S, Hagopian A, Waschek JA, Colwell CS. The role of the neuropeptides PACAP and VIP in the photic regulation of gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci. 2010 Mar;31(5):864-75. Epub 2010 Feb 17. PMID: 20180841.
• Nakamura TJ, Sellix MT, Kudo T, Nakao N, Yoshimura T, Ebihara S, Colwell CS, Block GD. Influence of the estrous cycle on clock gene expression in reproductive tissues: effects of fluctuating ovarian steroid hormone levels. Steroids 2010 Mar;75(3):203-12. Epub 2010 Jan 22. PMID: 20096720.
• Itri JN, Vosko AM, Schroeder A, Dragich JM, Michel S, Colwell CS. Circadian regulation of A-type potassium currents in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurophysiol. 2010 Feb;103(2):632-40. Epub 2009 Nov 25. PMID: 19939959.
• Vosko A, Colwell CS, Avidan, A (2010) Jet Lag Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Management Strategies. Nature and Science of Sleep. Dove Medical Press: 2: 1-12..
• Colwell CS. Preventing dehydration during sleep. Nat Neurosci. 2010 Apr;13(4):403-4. PMID: 20348935.
• Fulton D, Paez PM, Fisher R, Handley V, Colwell CS, Campagnoni AT.Regulation of L-type Ca++ currents and process morphology in white matter oligodendrocyte precursor cells by golli-myelin proteins. Glia 2010 Aug 15;58(11):1292-303. PMID: 20607717.
• Loh DH, Navarro J, Hagopian A, Wang LM, Deboer T, Colwell CS. Rapid changes in the light/dark cycle disrupt memory of conditioned fear in mice. PLoS One 2010 Sep 2;5(9). pii: e12546. PMID: 20824058.
• Schroeder A, Loh DH, Jordan MC, Roos KP, Colwell CS. Circadian Regulation of Cardiovascular Function: a role for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011 Jan;300(1):H241-50. Epub 2010 Oct 15. PMID: 20952671.
• Kudo T, Schroeder A, Loh DH, Kuljis D, Jordan MC, Roos KP, Colwell CS. Dysfunctions in circadian behavior and physiology in mouse models of Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol.2011 Mar;228(1):80-90. Epub 2010 Dec 22. PMID: 21184755.
• Hu WP, Li JD, Colwell CS, Zhou QY. Decreased REM sleep and altered circadian sleep regulation in mice lacking vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Sleep. 2011 Jan 1;34(1):49-56. PMID: 21203371
• Mengatto CM, Mussano F, Honda Y, Colwell CS, Nishimura I. Circadian rhythm and cartilage extracellular matrix genes in osseointegration: a genome-wide screening of implant failure by vitamin D deficiency. PLoS One. 2011 Jan 11;6(1):e15848. PMID: 21264318
• Kudo T, Loh DH, Kuljis DK, Constance C, Colwell CS. Fast delayed rectifier potassium current: critical for input and output of the circadian system. J Neurosci 2011 Feb 23;31(8):2746-55. PMID: 21414897
• Gamble KL, Kudo T, Colwell CS, McMahon DG. Gastrin-releasing peptide modulates fast delayed rectifier potassium current in Per1-expressing SCN neurons. J Biol Rhythms. 2011 Apr;26(2):99-106. PMID: 21454290
• Colwell CS. Sleepy neurons? Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):427-8. PMID: 21525924
• Loh DH, Dragich JM, Kudo T, Schroeder AM, Nakamura TJ, Waschek JA, Block GD, Colwell CS. Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide genotype on circadian gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral organs. J Biol Rhythms. 2011 Jun;26(3):200-9. PMID: 21628547
• Atkinson SE, Maywood ES, Chesham JE, Wozny C, Colwell CS, Hastings MH, Williams SR. Cyclic AMP signaling control of action potential firing rate and molecular circadian pacemaking in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Biol Rhythms. 2011 Jun;26(3):210-20. PMID: 21628548
• Nakamura TJ, Nakamura W, Yamazaki S, Kudo T, Cutler T, Colwell CS, Block GD. Age-related decline in circadian output. J Neurosci. 2011 Jul 13;31(28):10201-5. PMID: 21752996
• Kudo T, Loh DH, Truong D, Wu Y, Colwell CS. Circadian dysfunction in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 2011 Nov;232(1):66-75. Epub 2011 Aug 16. PMID: 21864527
• Colwell CS. Linking neural activity and molecular oscillations in the SCN. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Sep 2;12(10):553-69. PMID: 21886186
• Fulton D, Paez P, Spreur V, Handley V, Colwell CS, Campagnoni A, Fisher R. Developmental activation of the proteolipid protein promoter transgene in neuronal and oligodendroglial cells of neostriatum in mice. Dev Neurosci. 2011;33(2):170-84. Epub 2011 Sep 1. PMID: 21912090
• Kim JS, Kim WB, Kim YB, Lee Y, Kim YS, Shen FY, Lee SW, Park D, Choi HJ, Hur J, Park JJ, Han HC, Colwell CS, Cho YW, Kim YI. Chronic hyperosmotic stress converts GABAergic inhibition into excitation in vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the rat. J Neurosci. 2011 Sep 14;31(37):13312-22. PMID: 21917814
• Gale JE, Cox HI, Qian J, Block GD, Colwell CS, Matveyenko AV. Disruption of circadian rhythms accelerates development of diabetes through pancreatic beta-cell loss and dysfunction. J Biol Rhythms. 2011 Oct;26(5):423-33. PMID: 21921296
• Schroeder AM, Loh DH, Jordan MC, Roos KP, Colwell CS. Baroreceptor reflex dysfunction in the BACHD mouse model of Huntington's disease. PLoS Curr. 2011 Nov 4;3:RRN1266. PMID: 22069044.

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